It was the Italian physicist Giovanni Venturi who discovered way back in 1797, that even altering the diameter of a pipe can have an effect on the pressure of the fluid flowing through it. With the modification of pressure, fluids can not only be moved from place to place, but can even be exploited to do some work for us. In such kind of transport, pressure plays a very important role. Thanks to their ability to flow, fluids can be transported through pipes and channels. The pumping of water and oil, their transport by piping, the development of the internal combustion engine, and even modern aviation technology, all owe their existence in some way to the exploitation of fluid properties. However, it is this very fluid nature, and deformability, that has made many great advances in science possible. Needless to say, owing to their ability to flow from one place to another, and their non-rigid nature, the study of fluid properties has always been more challenging than rigid solids. They include gases, liquids, and even some plastic solids. Because wind blowing at a high speed creates low pressure, the air inside the house rushes out to occupy this void.įluids are substances that have the ability to flow and undergo changes in their shape when subjected to stress. The ‘explosion’ of windows during a tornado is due to the Venturi effect.
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